Pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine derivatives: Molecular docking and explore of acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase enzymes inhibitors as anticholinergics potentials

Abstract

Recently, the pyridazine nucleus has been widely studied in the field of particular and new medicinal factors as drugs acting on the cardiovascular system. Additionally, a number of thienopyridazines have been claimed to possess interacting biological macromolecules and pharmacological activities such as NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, anticancer, and identified as a novel allosteric modulator of the adenosine A1 receptor. The literature survey demonstrates that coumarin, 1,2-pyrazole benzothiazole, and 1,3- thiazole scaffolds are the most versatile class of molecules. In this study, a series of substituted pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine derivatives (2a–n) were prepared, and their structures were characterized by Mass analysis, NMR, and FT-IR. These obtained pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine compounds were very good inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrase (hCA I and II) isoenzymes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values in the range of 9.03 ± 3.81–55.42 ± 14.77 nM for hCA I, 18.04 ± 4.55–66.24 ± 19.21 nM for hCA II, and 394.77 ± 68.13–952.93 ± 182.72 nM for AChE, respectively. The possible inhibition mechanism of the best-posed pyrazole[3,4-d]pyridazine and pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and their interaction with catalytic active pocket residues were determined based on the calculations. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.