Seyyid Abdullah el-Gumârî’nin Hayatı ve “el-İ’lâm” Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Tasavvufî Düşüncesi

Abstract

Sayyid Abdullah al-Gumari was born in 1910 in Tangier, Morocco, to a famous family known for its science and wisdom. His father, the master of the Siddîkiyye/Gumâriyye zaviye and being one of the important scholars of the region, directed him to science education at a young age. Al-Gumari, who received a good education in Morocco with his father and at the Karaviyyîn Madrasah, later went to Egypt and joined al-Azhar University. Al-Gumari, who lived in the years when the Islamic world was going through an intellectually turbulent period and political instability was at an extreme, did not leave the scientific discipline, took lessons from many teachers and trained many students. Since al-Gumari started to compose books at an early age, he had many works in the fields of hadith, fiqh, kalam, language and mysticism. One of the works he wrote in the field of Sufism is al-I'lâm bi-enne't-tasawwuf min serîati'l-Islam. The work was written as an answer to the criticisms directed at Sufism and tried to prove that the source of Sufism is Islamic texts. He explained that the Qur'an is the source of mystical concepts such as ihsan, murakaba, observance, fana, zahir-bâtin, inspiration, and truth, which are the subject of discussion or criticized by opponents, and that their originals are also found in hadiths. In this study, information about al-Gumari's life was given, and his Sufi thought was examined within the framework of the hadiths he interpreted in al-I'lam bi-enne't-tasavvufe min seriati'l-Islam.

Seyyid Abdullah el-Gumârî, 1910 yilinda Fas’in Tanca sehrinde ilim ve irfan ile taninan meshur bir ailede dünyaya gelmistir. Babasi Siddîkiyye/Gumâriyye zaviyesinin mürsidi, bölgenin önemli âlimlerinden olmasi onu daha küçük yaslarda ilim tahsiline yönlendirmistir. Fas’ta babasinin yaninda ve Karaviyyîn Medersesi’nde iyi bir egitim alan el-Gumârî, daha sonra Misir’a giderek el-Ezher Üniversite’sine iltihak etmistir. Islâm aleminin fikrî anlamda çalkantili bir dönemden geçtigi, siyasi istikrarsizligin had safhada oldugu yillarda yasayan el-Gumârî, ilmî disiplini birakmamis, birçok hocadan ders almis ve birçok ögrenci yetistirmistir. el-Gumârî daha erken yaslarda kitap telif etmeye basladigi için hadis, fikih, kelam, dil ve tasavvuf alanlarinda birçok eserin sahibi olmustur. Tasavvuf alaninda yazdigi eserlerden birisi de el-I’lâm bi-enne’t-tasavvufe min serîati’l-Islâm’dir. Eser tasavvufa yöneltilen elestirilere bir cevap mahiyetinde yazilmis, tasavvufun kaynaginin Islâmî naslar oldugunu ispat etmeye çalismistir. Tartisma konusu olan veya muarizlarin elestirdigi ihsan, murakabe, müsahede, fenâ, zâhir-bâtin, ilham, hakikat gibi tasavvufî kavramlara Kur’ân-i Kerim’in kaynaklik ettigi gibi asillarinin hadislerde de bulundugunu açiklamistir. Bu çalismada el-Gumârî’nin hayati hakkinda bilgi verilmis, el-I’lâm bi-enne’t-tasavvufe min serîati’l-Islâm’da yorumladigi hadisler çerçevesinde tasavvufî düsüncesi incelenmistir.