ANALYSIS OF SOURCE AS A CONCEPT IN MODERN AGE: ON JEAN BODIN, THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE AND JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

Abstract

Mankind has always felt the need to live happily and safely in any society. Such a society has been the subject of many thinkers and has been written and drawn. But what is important here is how ideal states seek sovereignty. Who should be the dominant force for the advancement and management of a society for its own benefit? This question is witnessed by many thinkers in the ancient, medieval, new age and modern ages. We will only deal with the new age in this text. First, what is sovereignty? Where did the concept of sovereignty as origin come from? Who made the concept of sovereignty a system? We will try to find answers to your questions. Later on, in this era, the most important thinkers of the French thinker Jean Bodin (1530-1596), British thinker Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), British thinker John Locke (1632-1704) and Swiss thinker Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) we will examine what the concept of sovereignty means, whether it is the state, society or individual that should be sovereign according to them, and the reasons, what should be the limits of sovereignty according to them, and what the grounds of legitimacy are based on.Insanoglu mutlu ve güvenli bir sekilde herhangi bir toplumda yasama ihtiyacini her daim hissetmistir. Böylesine bir toplum birçok düsünürün kalemine konu olmus, yazilmis ve çizilmistir. Ancak burada asil önemli olan nokta, ideal devletlerin nasil bir egemenlik arayisi içerisinde oldugudur. Bir toplumun ilerlemesi ve kendi yararina yönetilmesi için egemen güç kim olmalidir? Iste bu soruya ilkçag, ortaçag, yeniçag ve yakinçag da birçok düsünür tarafindan farkli degerlendirmelerde bulunulduguna tanik oluyoruz.