Timed 360° Turn Test Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Reliability and Validity Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Timed 360 degrees Turn Test (360 degrees-TTT) in measuring dynamic balance in patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) surgery. Materials and Methods: Forty patients who underwent ACL-R surgery were included in this study. The reliability analysis involved evaluating the inter -rater and test -retest reliability of the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). To assess the concurrent validity of the 360 degrees-TTT, correlations between the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Time Up and Go (TUG) test were examined. Additionally, standard error of measurement(95 )(SEM95) and minimal detectable change(95) (MDC95) values were computed for the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT. Results: The inter -rater and test -retest reliability for both the test duration and the number of steps within the 360 degrees-TTT demonstrated excellence, with ICCs of 0.83, 0.91, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the 360 degrees-TTT and both the BBS and the TUG (p<0.001). The inter -rater and test -retest reliability of the raters was visually confirmed using Bland -Altman plots, further affirming the consistency of outcomes. The SEM95 and MDC95 values for the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT were 0.09, 0.24, 0.18, and 0.49, respectively. Conclusion: The 360 degrees-TTT is a reliable and valid method for evaluating dynamic balance in patients undergoing ACL-R surgery.