31 Mart Vakasi’na Giden Süreç Içerisinde Bediüzzaman Said-i Kürdi, Dervis Vahdetî ve Ittihad-i Muhammedî Cemiyeti Üzerine Tarihsel Sosyolojik Bir Analiz

Abstract

II. Mesrutiyetin ilani ile beraber, Osmanli toplumu içerisindeki farkli millet ve kesimlerden insanlarin düsüncelerini ve fikirlerini ifade edebilecekleri özgürlükçü bir ortam olustu. Bu süreçte meydanlarda söz söyleyen düsüncelerini ifade edip öneriler getiren insanlardan birisinin de Bediüzzaman Said-i Kürdi oldugu görülmektedir. II. Mesrutiyetin ilani ile baslayan bu basin hürriyeti içinde, Dervis Vahdeti; Volkan’i Insaniyete hadim, dini, siyasi, yevmi gazetedir, diyerek 11 Aralik 1908’ de (28 Tesrinisani 1324) çikarmaya baslamistir. Bediüzzaman Said-i Kürdi’nin, Volkan gazetesi yayin hayatina basladiktan yaklasik 4 ay sonra gazetenin 70. Sayisinda ilk makalesi yayinlanmakla birlikte 110. sayiya kadar ulasan gazetenin 15 sayisinda yazilari yer almaktadir. Kibrisli Hafiz Dervis Vahdeti’nin sahibi oldugu Volkan gazetesi, 48. sayisi olan 17 Subat 1909 tarihinden itibaren basliginin altinda Ittihad-i Muhammedî Cemiyeti’nin Mürevvic-i Efkâridir, ifadesiyle yayinlanmaya baslayarak Cemiyet’in yayin organi durumuna gelmistir. Cemiyet’in Istanbul Merkezi Idare Meclis Azasi olan Bediüzzaman Said-i Kürdi’nin süreç içerisinde Ittihad-i Muhammedî Cemiyeti’ne karsi itirazlara ve vehimlere cevap verdigi, Cemiyet’in savunuculugunu üstlendigi görülmektedir. Bediüzzaman Said-i Kürdi hem IMC hakkindaki itirazlari izale etmeye çalisirken hem de Volkan’da kaleme aldigi diger makalelerinde çok mutedil ve makul bir üslup kullaniyordu. Diger yandan Dervis Vahdeti’nin Volkan gazetesinde nesrolunan yazilarindan ve tasidigi Islami tonlarla birlikte Ittihad-i Muhammedî Cemiyeti’nin Volkan gazetesi üzerinden yaptigi açiklamalardan Dervis Vahdeti’nin ve kurucusu oldugu Cemiyet’in mesrutiyet karsiti olmadigi bilakis seriat dairesinde mesrutiyeti ve hürriyeti savundugu görülmektedir. Bediüzzaman Said-i Kürdi’nin Seriat-mesrutiyet uzlasisina ve Seriat ile sinirlandirilmis hürriyet (hürriyet-i ser’i) görüslerinin paralelinde görüsleri benimsemis olan Vahdeti’nin hürriyet ve mesrutiyete düsman biri olmadigi yayin hayati boyunca Volkan gazetesinde yazdigi yazilarda mevcuttur.

With the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy, a liberalized environment was created in which people from different nations and segments of Ottoman society could express their thoughts and ideas. In this process, Bediuzzaman Said-i Kürdi was one of the people who spoke in the squares, voiced his thoughts and made suggestions. Within this freedom of the press that began with the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy, Dervis Vahdeti began publishing Volkan on December 11, 1908 (28 Tesrinisani 1324), claiming that it was a religious, political and daily newspaper dedicated to humanity. Bediuzzaman Said-i Kürdi's first article was published in the 70th issue of the newspaper about 4 months after Volkan was launched, and his articles were published in 15 issues of the newspaper, which reached its 110th issue. The newspaper Volkan, owned by Hafiz Dervis Vahdeti from Cyprus, started to be published on February 17, 1909, the 48th issue of the newspaper, with the phrase Ittihad-i Muhammedî Cemiyeti’nin Mürevvic-i Efkâridir and became the publication organ of the Society. It is seen that Bediuzzaman Said-i Kürdi, who was a member of the Istanbul Central Administrative Council of the Society, responded to the objections and delusions against the Ittihad-i Muhammadî Society and assumed the defense of the Society in the process. Bediuzzaman Said-i Kürdi used a very moderate and reasonable style both in his attempts to overcome the objections against the IMC and in his other writings in Volkan. On the other hand, from the writings of Dervis Vahdeti published in Volkan and the statements made by the Union of Union and Mohammadi Movement through the Volkan newspaper, it is seen that Dervis Vahdeti and the Movement he founded were not against constitutionalism; on the contrary, they advocated constitutionalism and freedom within the framework of Sharia. It is understood from the articles he wrote in Volkan newspaper throughout his publication life that Vahdeti, who adopted views in line with Bediuzzaman Said-i Kürdi's views on the reconciliation of Sharia and constitutionalism and the limitation of freedom to Sharia, was not an enemy of freedom and constitutionalism