Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation Current Thresholds Based on Nerve Bending Angle and Nerve Termination Point

Abstract

There is increasing interest in using transcutaneous electrical stimulation to treat or suppress brain-related disorders. Primary headache disorder is a socioeconomic burden whose pharmaceutical and invasive treatment method may have troublesome side effects. There are various transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation neuromodulation systems that are used for health-related disorders. TMany factors may affect these systems’ efficiency, including stimulus current levels. A device for primary headaches showed mixed results. This may be related to the higher stimulus current levels that are applied through the electrodes. A feasible solution to reduce the required current levels is considering the geometrical features of the target nerve bending and nerve termination trajectories. In this study, the impact of the geometrical features of the nerve, such as nerve bending and nerve termination, on the stimulus current thresholds were analyzed based on FEM hybrid models. Twenty nerve models were generated considering statistical variations to assess the effect of the nerve geometrical features on the target neuromodulatory system. Finally, the safety parameters were calculated based on the target neuromodulator settings. The results showed that the geometric features of the target nerve have a significant effect on the required stimulus current thresholds. These results may provide important guidance mainly for transcutaneous nerve stimulation and future electrical nerve stimulation design.